Snowboarding, skateboarding present
highest risk for injuries, including concussions; findings support need
for greater education, advocacy efforts for safer equipment
NEW ORLEANS, March 14, 2014 /-- A new study presented today at the 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) found that the thrill of extreme sports comes at a price: a higher risk for severe neck and head injuries.
Extreme
sports are gaining in popularity: skateboarding has surged 49 percent
to 14 million U.S. participants, and snowboarding now claims 7.2 million
enthusiasts, up 51 percent since 1999.
In
a first-of-its-kind study, researchers reviewed 2000-2011 National
Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) data for seven popular
sports featured in the Winter and Summer X Games: surfing, mountain
biking, motocross, skateboarding, snowboarding, snowmobiling and snow
skiing.
Data from the NEISS database was collected for each individual
sport, and type of head and neck injury (HNI): lacerations,
contusions/abrasions, fractures, sprains (neck) and concussions (head).
The risk of concussion, neck fracture and skull fracture were calculated
using extreme sport participation rates from the 2013 Outdoor
Foundation Participation Report.
Of
the 4 million injuries reported for extreme sport participants, 11.3
percent were HNI. Of all HNI reported in extreme sports, 83 percent were
head injuries and 17 percent neck injuries. The data included all ages;
however, teens and young adults accounted for the highest percentage of
extreme sport injuries. Other findings included:
- The four sports with the highest incidence of HNI were skateboarding (129,600), snowboarding (97,527), skiing (83,313) and motocross (78,236).
- Concussions were the most common HNI injury among extreme sports participants. The risk of suffering a concussion was highest in snowboarding and skateboarding.
- Skateboarders also were found to have the highest risk of skull fractures.
- Surfers had the highest risk of neck fracture with a risk 38 times greater than skateboarders.
- The incidence of extreme sports head and neck injuries increased from 34,065 in 2000 to 40,042 in 2010, although the trend was not consistent year-to-year.
"The research provides a baseline to further study head and neck injuries among extreme sport participants," said Vani J. Sabesan, MD, assistant professor of orthopaedic surgery at Western Michigan University
School of Medicine, and lead author of the study. "There's an
understanding that these sports are growing in participation, and that
they can result in significant injuries."
The
findings provide "an opportunity for sports medicine and orthopaedic
surgeons to advocate for safer equipment, improved on-site medical care,
and further research regarding extreme sport injuries," said Dr.
Sabesan.
The Academy recommends helmet use for biking, skiing, snowboarding and other sports. Read the AAOS Position Statement on Winter Sports Safety and Helmet Use, and the OrthoInfo article on Helmet Safety.
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SOURCE American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
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